Cum Ar Fi Sa Nu Existe Ue? Optiuni

[nefertiti-old]

[Achernar]

Perioada 1990 - 1998 (9 ani), fonduri PHARE. Prima coloana reprezinta suma alocata in urma negocierilor, a doua suma efectiv platita, ultima procentul de absorbtie (= suma platita / suma alocata * 100). Sumele sunt date in echivalent ECU la valoarea din 1998
Polonia 1731,5 1251,3 72,3 %
Ungaria 864,0 567,0 65,6 %
Cehia (+ Cehoslovacia) 622,4 405,7 65,2 %
Slovacia 253,2 133,0 52,5 %
Slovenia 131,3 77,7 59,2 %
Letonia 206,6 115,0 55,7

Astea sunt fondurile care 'au scos Cehia, Ungaria si Polonia din marasm' ?!????

p.s : programul PHARE a reprezentat cam 35 % din fondurile alocate nemancatilor din est in perioada respectiva.

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Despre Planul Marshall
"THE MARSHALL PLAN (1947)
On June 5, 1947, Secretary of State George C. Marshall spoke at Harvard University and outlined what would become known as the Marshall Plan. Europe, still devastated by the war, had just survived one of the worst winters on record. The nations of Europe had nothing to sell for hard currency, and the democratic socialist governments in most countries were unwilling to adopt the draconian proposals for recovery advocated by old-line classical economists. Something had to be done, both for humanitarian reasons and also to stop the potential spread of communism westward.

The United States offered up to $20 billion for relief, but only if the European nations could get together and draw up a rational plan on how they would use the aid. For the first time, they would have to act as a single economic unit; they would have to cooperate with each other. Marshall also offered aid to the Soviet Union and its allies in eastern Europe, but Stalin denounced the program as a trick and refused to participate. The Russian rejection probably made passage of the measure through Congress possible.

The Marshall Plan, it should be noted, benefited the American economy as well. The money would be used to buy goods from the United States, and they had to be shipped across the Atlantic on American merchant vessels. But it worked. By 1953 the United States had pumped in $13 billion, and Europe was standing on its feet again. Moreover, the Plan included West Germany, which was thus reintegrated into the European community. (The aid was all economic; it did not include military aid until after the Korean War.)

Aside from helping to put Europe back on its feet, the Marshall Plan led to the Schuman Plan, which in turn led to Euratom, then the Coal and Iron Community and the Common Market, and pointed to what may yet evolve into an economically and politically united Europe. In many ways, the Marshall Plan satisfied both those who wanted our foreign policy to be generous and idealistic and those who demanded realpolitik; it helped feed the starving and shelter the homeless, and at the same time stopped the spread of communism and put the European economy back on its feet.

For further reading: John Gimbel, The Origins of the Marshall Plan (1976); Imanuel Wexler, The Marshall Plan Revisited (1983); Michael Hogan, The Marshall Plan (1987).

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Despre situatia de dupa razboi.
Citez din lucrarea 'Economia Romaniei in context european - 1947' / Bucuresti, 1997
Productia neta totala a industriei din Romania si alte tari europene - 1947 (mil usd, preturi 1938)
1. Marea Britanie 7232
2. Germania 3107 (tara distrusa de razboi si care practic inca nu incepuse sa beneficieze de planul Marshall !!!)
3. Franta 2997
4. Italia 1456
5. Suedia 1064
...
15. Romania 170
Incredibil ! Mai exista industrie in Germania ! Si chiar se producea ceva !


Achernar, te rog ca pe viitor sa traduci textele postate in limbi straine (ori macar sa faci un rezumat in romana).
Multumesc.

Acest topic a fost editat de abis: 15 Nov 2005, 08:25 AM